Dirty spelling alphabet
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In French, poule means "hen," so how it came to be used in its gaming senses is anyone's bet.ĭirty, on the other hand, has been used to describe moral indecency and vulgarity in verbal, written, and visual form since the 16th century. Pool takes its name from French poule, which originally referred to the stakes bet in a card game and then extended in meaning to the card game itself and the cue-and-ball game of billiards. Harris, The War As I Saw It, 1918Īlthough the allusion to the game of billiards isn't evident in the quote, the game is the source of dirty pool. It will be easy to put it across with a million of us here fighting to make the world "Free for Democracy." Dirty pool-using the war to get us out of the way. "And, say, if prohibition goes into effect in the States before we get back there'll be Hell to pay. Encrypt dates to the 1940s and decrypt to the 1930s.ĭirty pool refers to underhanded or unsportsmanlike conduct and that term has been traced back to 1918. Like plaintext, the common computer terms encrypt and decrypt-as well as their related inflections-go back to the days of early 20th-century espionage. In cryptology, when the plaintext is encrypted, it is called ciphertext, and the inverse operation of encryption is decryption. Z y x w v u t s r q p o n m l k j I h g f e d c b a Such a transposition cipher would read:Ī b c d e f g h I j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z the letters of the alphabet are simply transposed by agreement-the simplest and most obvious example being to reverse the alphabet, so that z stands for a, and y for b, etc. The substituted symbol may be another letter-as writing e when you mean a. In its early days, the word was encountered in stories of espionage for communications not yet in cipher or code, or ones deciphered or decoded.Ī cipher is the substitution of some symbol for a letter of the alphabet. Nowadays, plaintext is the matter-of-fact name for unformatted computer text that is easy to edit or transmit. While cabin fever isn't officially classified as a medical condition, it is closely related to seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a state of depression that tends to recur chiefly during the late fall and winter and is associated with shorter hours of daylight. The Times Dispatch (Richmond, Virginia), 13 Jan. Freed of wife and child and bank account, he launched forth to reconstruct his life. A sharp exchange of compliments, a quarrel fostered by a greedy mother-in-law, and Bud's domestic happiness lay in ruins. It descended on Bud Moore, irritated by months of inaction, surfeited with the "small beer" of prosaic domestic life after carefree independence, and bothered by noncomprehension of the same symptoms in his hitherto pleasing wife, Marie. There is a certain malady of mind induced by too much monotony: fashionable folk call it ennui, but Westerns call it "cabin fever." But whenever it attacks you it reveals the things hidden in your soul it uncovers your secret weaknesses and unsuspected virtues. Bower, is a new story of the West just issued by Little, Brown & Co. The book's title provides us with an early record of the term used in print, and its narrative gives an insight into the condition. In reality, cabin fever is essentially a response to being stuck inside a confined indoor area for a prolonged period of time. Someone cooped up might become restless, irritable, and anxious, but will usually come around once someone suggests playing a board game or cards-or, in more extreme cases, when the rescue party arrives.īertha Muzzy Bower wrote about it in an eponymous Western novel. ŋ̊.Episodes of cabin fever are depicted in books and movies as a type of madness caused by isolation, usually ending in some kind of gruesome scene. Upstep and downstep always come before the syllable.ĭiacritics may be placed above a symbol with a descender, e.g. In the IPA Handbook, they come before to indicate prosodic pitch in Portuguese, and after to indicate lexical tone in Cantonese. Tone letters may come before or after a word or syllable. Secondary stress (indicated before the stressed element) Primary stress (indicated before the stressed element) Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant.